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In the  50 years after the Civil War 25 milion immigrants moved to the U.S. Most were driven by hunger poverty. They moved with hope of a better life.
 
Religious Organizations Help the Poor
Religious services also provided services to the poor. Ana Italian nun Mother Cabrini, helped found more than 70 hospitals in North and South America
 
 A new Social Gospel was being preached and the ministers call o their well-to-do membres to do their duty as Christians by helping societys poor.
 
New american writters
In the 1880s a new crop of wirtters appeared. Aericans began reading more books by American authros than british authors. one group of writters known as realists ( people who tried to show the hardships of life as they were)  Many of them had worked as newspaper reporters. They had seen the poverty and the growth of the cities created by the Industrial Revolution. 
Stephen Crane was best known for his Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage.
Paul Laurance Dunbar was the first african American to make a living  as a writter.
 
     Mark Twain
The most famous most popular author of this time was samuel Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain.  As a young man he worked on a Mississippi River steamboat.
 

The first Salvation Army was pened in London. By 1880 it expanded to the United Sates.
The daily news
Two giants of this time were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearts.
 
Mid-1880s
Immigrants from northern Europe flock to United States.
1870 World Event
Britian establishes compilsory education.
1882
Chinese Exclusion Acts bars Chinese immigrants.
1881 World Event
Russia increases violent pogroms against jews.
1886
Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1889
Jane Addams founds the Hull House to help poor immigrants.
1891 World Event
Arthur Conan Doyle publishes Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
1902
Macy's department store opens nine-story building.
1904
New York opens its subway system.
1905 World Event
Chinese in Shanghai boycott American goods to protest exclusion laws.

Steerage -  as the airlines rooms below deck.
Ethinic group - a group of people who share a common culture.
Assimilation - the process of becoming part of another culture.
Nativists - people who wanted to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white protestants.
(Tenements - small apartments.)
poor fammilies struggled to survive in crowded slums. because space was so limited builders devised a new kind of house to hold people the buildings were called tenements.
Building codes - laws taht set tandars for how structures should be built.
Jane Adams a woman from Chicago was the leading figure of the settlement house movement in 1889.
(Settelment house - a community center that offers vices to the poor.)
She came from a well-to-do family but had strong convictions about helping the poor.
 
 

Store entrance; Size=180 pixels wide


    Reasons for immigration
Between 1866 and 1915 more than 25 million immigrants came o the U.S. Both push and pull factors played part in this vast immigration. Push factors are conditions that drie people from their homes. Pull factors are conditions that attract immigrants to a new area.
 
 

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